Build one study-cost scenario from tuition, living costs, visa/permit expenses, insurance, travel or relocation, and confirmed funding instead of relying on a country-wide average.
Separate recurring and one-off costs
Tuition and monthly living costs behave differently from deposits, flights, visa fees, credential evaluation and initial setup. Keeping them visible prevents the first few months from being underestimated.
Use a city and programme, not only a country
Housing and tuition can vary dramatically within the same destination. Replace generic planning numbers with the actual programme fee and a realistic city-level budget as soon as your shortlist narrows.
Do not double-count proof of funds
A visa maintenance threshold is evidence of available money, not an extra expense added on top of the same rent and food you already budgeted. Model legal evidence and actual cash spending as separate views.